Vitamin A supplementation improves retinal function in infants at risk of retinopathy of prematurity

Preterm infants show reduced retinal sensitivity at term corrected age compared with newborn term infants. We tested the hypothesis that retinal sensitivity in preterm infants is improved by early, high-dose vitamin A. We report a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of infants <32 weeks’ gestation and/or <1501 g birth weight. Supplemented infants received additional intramuscular vitamin A 10 000 IU 3 times weekly from day 2 for a minimum of 2 weeks or until establishment of oral feeding. Hepatic stores were assessed by relative dose response (RDR). The primary outcome measure was cone-corrected dark-adapted retinal rod sensitivity measured by electroretinogram at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA).