Urban car parking puzzle in the UK: innovations and lasting solutions for scarce space and high user fees

This chapter explores the challenges of urban car parking in the UK, focusing on the scarcity of parking spaces and high user fees. Increasing vehicle ownership and limited space have led to congestion and inefficiencies. The chapter examines root causes, such as urban planning constraints, economic factors, and regulatory shortcomings, by evaluating strategies in various UK cities. Using empirical analysis and case studies, it offers a comprehensive overview of the current parking landscape, drawing insights from successful international models. Policy recommendations aim to enhance accessibility, affordability, and sustainability in urban transportation by optimising space use, integrating technology, and encouraging alternative modes. The chapter seeks to influence policy and planning decisions, promoting a more sustainable urban environment and serving as a resource for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders in the UK.