TY - JOUR
T1 - Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute
AU - Németh, János
AU - Tapasztó, Beáta
AU - Aclimandos, Wagih A.
AU - Kestelyn, Philippe
AU - Jonas, Jost B.
AU - De Faber, Jan-Tjeerd H. N.
AU - Januleviciene, Ingrida
AU - Grzybowski, Andrzej
AU - Nagy, Zoltán Zsolt
AU - Pärssinen, Olavi
AU - Guggenheim, Jeremy A.
AU - Allen, Peter M.
AU - Baraas, Rigmor C.
AU - Saunders, Kathryn J.
AU - Flitcroft, Daniel Ian
AU - Gray, Lyle S.
AU - Polling, Jan Roelof
AU - Haarman, Annechien E. G.
AU - Tideman, J. Willem L.
AU - Wolffsohn, James Stuart
AU - Wahl, Siegfried
AU - Mulder, Jeroen A.
AU - Smirnova, Irina Yurievna
AU - Formenti, Marino
AU - Radhakrishnan, Hema
AU - Resnikoff, Serge
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: JBJ discloses patent application: “Agents for use in the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of myopia or hyperopia” (European patent application 16 720 043.5 and US patent application US 2019 0085065 A1). AG reports grants from Alcon, Zeiss, Topcon, Bausch, personal fees, and non-financial support from Santen, Thea, Polpharma, and Pfizer, outside the submitted work. JAG is unpaid Consultant for CooperVision Inc. KJS is funded by Nevakar Inc as part of their EU/US low dose atropine trial. JRP is consultant for Nevakar. JSW is on the advisory board of Alcon, Nevakar, and Novars. SW is employee of Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH. The other authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Funding Information:
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: AG is funded by Institute for Research in Ophthalmology (Number: Unrestricted Grant 1/2020). JAG is funded by Welsh Government and Fight for Sight (Number: 24WG201). The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the online publication of this article: The open access fee for this publication is paid by the International Myopia Institute (IMI).
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - The prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. The number of people with myopia in 2020 is predicted to be 2.6 billion globally, which is expected to rise up to 4.9 billion by 2050, unless preventive actions and interventions are taken. The number of individuals with high myopia is also increasing substantially and pathological myopia is predicted to become the most common cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide and also in Europe. These prevalence estimates indicate the importance of reducing the burden of myopia by means of myopia control interventions to prevent myopia onset and to slow down myopia progression. Due to the urgency of the situation, the European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish this update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia. The pathogenesis and genetics of myopia are also summarized and epidemiology, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.
AB - The prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. The number of people with myopia in 2020 is predicted to be 2.6 billion globally, which is expected to rise up to 4.9 billion by 2050, unless preventive actions and interventions are taken. The number of individuals with high myopia is also increasing substantially and pathological myopia is predicted to become the most common cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide and also in Europe. These prevalence estimates indicate the importance of reducing the burden of myopia by means of myopia control interventions to prevent myopia onset and to slow down myopia progression. Due to the urgency of the situation, the European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish this update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia. The pathogenesis and genetics of myopia are also summarized and epidemiology, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.
KW - Myopia
KW - pathologic myopia
KW - preventive medicine
KW - blindness
KW - time spent outdoors
KW - myopia reduction interventions
KW - atropine
KW - orthokeratology
U2 - 10.1177/1120672121998960
DO - 10.1177/1120672121998960
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33673740
AN - SCOPUS:85102122642
SN - 1120-6721
VL - 31
SP - 853
EP - 883
JO - European Journal of Ophthalmology
JF - European Journal of Ophthalmology
IS - 3
ER -