Abstract
Objective:
To determine the effects of high velocity resistance training (HVRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted using five databases. Records were screened by two independent reviewers. Inclusion criteria: adults ≥50 years old, HVRT defined as rapid concentric and slow eccentric phase against an external load, control group and/or other intervention group, BMD measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry, and ≥ 6 months.
Results: 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. 12 were original intervention studies (8 RCTs) with n=1203 people. 13 papers were follow up studies of these original interventions. Heterogeneity of studies meant no meta-analysis was performed. Moderate evidence suggests a small statistically significant effect of HVRT on BMD in older adults at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck ranging from 0.9% to 5.4%. BMD measurements significantly decreased post-intervention in follow-up studies where the interventions had ceased. Dose-response of HVRT was shown to positively impact BMD when ≥2 sessions per week are completed.
Conclusions: HVRT plays a role in increasing BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Doses of higher intensity exercise performed ≥ 2 sessions per week will yield the most skeletal benefits, and if exercise is stopped for > 6 months, benefits achieved may be lost
To determine the effects of high velocity resistance training (HVRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted using five databases. Records were screened by two independent reviewers. Inclusion criteria: adults ≥50 years old, HVRT defined as rapid concentric and slow eccentric phase against an external load, control group and/or other intervention group, BMD measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry, and ≥ 6 months.
Results: 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. 12 were original intervention studies (8 RCTs) with n=1203 people. 13 papers were follow up studies of these original interventions. Heterogeneity of studies meant no meta-analysis was performed. Moderate evidence suggests a small statistically significant effect of HVRT on BMD in older adults at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck ranging from 0.9% to 5.4%. BMD measurements significantly decreased post-intervention in follow-up studies where the interventions had ceased. Dose-response of HVRT was shown to positively impact BMD when ≥2 sessions per week are completed.
Conclusions: HVRT plays a role in increasing BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Doses of higher intensity exercise performed ≥ 2 sessions per week will yield the most skeletal benefits, and if exercise is stopped for > 6 months, benefits achieved may be lost
Original language | English |
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Article number | 116986 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Bone |
Volume | 179 |
Early online date | 7 Dec 2023 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Feb 2024 |
Keywords
- High velocity resistance training
- Explosive concentric contraction
- Bone mineral density
- Review
- Dual x-ray absorptiometry
- Older adults
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physiology
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- Histology