Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) can be extremely distressing and is common in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
To investigate potential biomarkers of DED in T2D, panels of proteins in tears, alongside clinical
signs and symptoms of DED, were assessed. Patients were classified into four groups: T2D + DED
(n = 47), T2D-only (n = 41), DED-only (n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 17). All patients underwent
the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Dry Eye-Related Quality of Life (DEQS) questionnaires,
tear evaporation rate (TER), fluorescein tear break-up time (fTBUT), corneal fluorescein staining
(CFS) and Schirmer 1 test assessments. Six metabolic proteins and 14 inflammatory cytokines were
analyzed with multiplex bead analysis. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 concentrations in tears were
significantly higher in the T2D + DED group, and these biomarkers were positively correlated with
CFS. In addition, tear IL-6 was negatively correlated with fTBUT in the T2D + DED group. Clinical
signs of DED in the T2D + DED group were similar to the DED-only group. The T2D + DED
group had more patients with moderate and severe DED (versus the DED-only group), suggesting a
different pathogenesis for DED in T2D versus DED-only. Therefore, IL-6 and IL-8 could potentially
be diagnostic biomarkers of DED in T2D.
Keywords: dry eye disease; type 2 diabetes; tear fluids;
To investigate potential biomarkers of DED in T2D, panels of proteins in tears, alongside clinical
signs and symptoms of DED, were assessed. Patients were classified into four groups: T2D + DED
(n = 47), T2D-only (n = 41), DED-only (n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 17). All patients underwent
the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Dry Eye-Related Quality of Life (DEQS) questionnaires,
tear evaporation rate (TER), fluorescein tear break-up time (fTBUT), corneal fluorescein staining
(CFS) and Schirmer 1 test assessments. Six metabolic proteins and 14 inflammatory cytokines were
analyzed with multiplex bead analysis. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 concentrations in tears were
significantly higher in the T2D + DED group, and these biomarkers were positively correlated with
CFS. In addition, tear IL-6 was negatively correlated with fTBUT in the T2D + DED group. Clinical
signs of DED in the T2D + DED group were similar to the DED-only group. The T2D + DED
group had more patients with moderate and severe DED (versus the DED-only group), suggesting a
different pathogenesis for DED in T2D versus DED-only. Therefore, IL-6 and IL-8 could potentially
be diagnostic biomarkers of DED in T2D.
Keywords: dry eye disease; type 2 diabetes; tear fluids;
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 733 |
| Pages (from-to) | 733-745 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Metabolites |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| Early online date | 8 Jun 2023 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jun 2023 |
Keywords
- biomarkers
- dry eye disease
- inflammatory cytokines
- metabolic proteins
- multiplex bead analysis
- quality of life
- tear fluids
- type 2 diabetes
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Documents and Links
- Byambajav, M. et al. (2023) Tear fluid biomarkers and quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes and dry eye disease
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).