@inbook{70c8c11738ca41d7ab5a683e51f20786,
title = "T-tubule remodelling and ryanodine receptor organization modulate sodium-calcium exchange",
abstract = "The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) is a key regulator of intracellular Ca(2+) in cardiac myocytes, predominantly contributing to Ca(2+) removal during the diastolic relaxation process but also modulating excitation-contraction coupling. NCX is preferentially located in the T-tubules and can be close to or within the dyad, where L-type Ca(2+) channels face ryanodine receptors (RyRs), the Ca(2+) release channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. However, especially in larger animals, not all RyRs are in dyads or adjacent to T-tubules, and a substantial fraction of Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum thus occurs at distance from NCX. This chapter deals with the functional consequences of NCX location and how NCX can modulate diastolic and systolic Ca(2+) events. The loss of T-tubules and the effects on RyR function and NCX modulation are explored, as well as quantitative measurement of local Ca(2+) gradients at the level of the dyadic space.",
keywords = "Animals, Calcium/metabolism, Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics, Humans, Muscle Proteins/genetics, Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism, Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/genetics, Sodium/metabolism, Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/genetics",
author = "Sipido, {Karin R.} and K{\'a}roly Acsai and Gudrun Antoons and Virginie Bito and Niall Macquaide",
year = "2013",
doi = "10.1007/978-1-4614-4756-6_32",
language = "English",
isbn = "9781461447559",
volume = "961",
series = "Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology",
publisher = "Springer Nature",
pages = "375--383",
booktitle = "Sodium Calcium Exchange: A Growing Spectrum of Pathophysiological Implications",
address = "United States",
}