Systematic review of the clinical and cost effectiveness of cholecystectomy versus observation/conservative management for uncomplicated symptomatic gallstones or cholecystitis

Miriam Brazzelli, Moira Cruickshank, Mary Kilonzo, Irfan Ahmed, Fiona Stewart, Paul McNamee, Andrew Elders, Cynthia Fraser, Alison Avenell, Craig Ramsay

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

33 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background : Gallstone disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder in industrialised countries. Although symptoms can be severe, some people can be symptom free for many years after the original attack. Surgery is the current treatment of choice, but evidence suggests that observation is also feasible and safe. We reviewed the evidence on cholecystectomy versus observation for uncomplicated symptomatic gallstones and conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis.
Methods: We searched six electronic databases (last search April 2014). We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or non-randomised comparative studies where adults received either cholecystectomy or observation/conservative management for the first episode of symptomatic gallstone disease (biliary pain or cholecystitis) being considered for surgery in secondary care. Metaanalysis was used to combine results. A de novo Markov model was developed to assess the cost effectiveness of the interventions.
Results: Two RCTs (201 participants) were included. Eighty-eight percent of people randomised to surgery and 45 % of people randomised to observation underwent cholecystectomy during the 14-year follow-up period. Participants randomised to observation were significantly more likely to experience gallstone-related complications (RR = 6.69, 95 % CI = 1.57–28.51, p = 0.01), in particular acute cholecystitis (RR = 9.55, 95 % CI = 1.25–73.27, p = 0.03), and less likely to undergo surgery (RR = 0.50, 95 % CI = 0.34–0.73, p = 0.0004) or experience surgery-related complications (RR = 0.36, 95 % CI = 0.16–0.81, p = 0.01) than those randomised to surgery. Fifty-five percent of people randomised to observation did not require surgery, and 12 % of people randomised to cholecystectomy did not undergo surgery. On average, surgery costs £1,236 more per patient than conservative management, but was more effective.
Conclusions: Cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment for symptomatic gallstones. However, approximately half the observation group did not require surgery or suffer complications indicating that it may be a valid alternative to surgery. A multicentre trial is needed to establish the effects, safety and cost effectiveness of observation/conservative management relative to cholecystectomy.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)637-647
Number of pages11
JournalSurgical Endoscopy
Volume29
Issue number3
Early online dateAug 2014
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Mar 2015

Keywords

  • gallstones
  • cholecystectomy
  • conservative management
  • observation
  • systematic review
  • `

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Systematic review of the clinical and cost effectiveness of cholecystectomy versus observation/conservative management for uncomplicated symptomatic gallstones or cholecystitis'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this