@article{55e6c00d0f2a4acab5ad9b05e5173ee1,
title = "Reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation through the application of nanoscale vibration",
abstract = "Bacterial biofilms pose a significant burden in both healthcare and industrial environments. With the limited effectiveness of current biofilm control strategies, novel or adjunctive methods in biofilm control are being actively pursued. Reported here, is the first evidence of the application of nanovibrational stimulation (nanokicking) to reduce the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nanoscale vertical displacements (approximately 60 nm) were imposed on P. aeruginosa cultures, with a significant reduction in biomass formation observed at frequencies between 200 and 4000 Hz at 24 h. The optimal reduction of biofilm formation was observed at 1 kHz, with changes in the physical morphology of the biofilms. Scanning electron microscope imaging of control and biofilms formed under nanovibrational stimulation gave indication of a reduction in extracellular matrix (ECM). Quantification of the carbohydrate and protein components of the ECM was performed and showed a significant reduction at 24 h at 1 kHz frequency. To model the forces being exerted by nanovibrational stimulation, laser interferometry was performed to measure the amplitudes produced across the Petri dish surfaces. Estimated peak forces on each cell, associated with the nanovibrational stimulation technique, were calculated to be in the order of 10 pN during initial biofilm formation. This represents a potential method of controlling microbial biofilm formation in a number of important settings in industry and medical related processes.",
keywords = "Biofilm formation, Extracellular matrix, Mechanotransduction, Nanokicking, Nanovibration, Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
author = "Robertson, {Shaun N.} and Childs, {Peter G.} and Ayorinde Akinbobola and Henriquez, {Fiona L.} and Gordon Ramage and Stuart Reid and Mackay, {William G.} and Craig Williams",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Professor Harry Staines for useful statistical discussion and his interest in this work. We thank Dr Liz Porteous for her assistance in SEM imaging. We also thank Jim Orr for laboratory assistance. We also would like to thank Professor Matthew Dalby for his proof reading of this manuscript. We are grateful for the financial support provided by BBSRC (BB/N012690/1), EPSRC (EP/N012631/1), STFC, SUPA, the Royal Society, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and the University of the West of Scotland. SNR, WGC and CW designed all experiments, SNR performed all experimental work. PGC provided support with the nanovibrational apparatus. AA provided assistance with biofilm component experimental work. All figures were produced by SNR. Manuscript was written through contributions of SNR, PGC, FLH, GR, SR, WGC and CW. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. Funding sources played no role in the following: design of this study, collection of data, analysis of data, interpretation of data and writing of the report. The authors declare no competing financial interests. The datasets generated are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Professor Harry Staines for useful statistical discussion and his interest in this work. We thank Dr Liz Porteous for her assistance in SEM imaging. We also thank Jim Orr for laboratory assistance. We also would like to thank Professor Matthew Dalby for his proof reading of this manuscript. We are grateful for the financial support provided by BBSRC ( BB/N012690/1 ), EPSRC ( EP/N012631/1 ), STFC , SUPA , the Royal Society , NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde , and the University of the West of Scotland . SNR, WGC and CW designed all experiments, SNR performed all experimental work. PGC provided support with the nanovibrational apparatus. AA provided assistance with biofilm component experimental work. All figures were produced by SNR. Manuscript was written through contributions of SNR, PGC, FLH, GR, SR, WGC and CW. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. Funding sources played no role in the following: design of this study, collection of data, analysis of data, interpretation of data and writing of the report. The authors declare no competing financial interests. The datasets generated are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.09.003",
language = "English",
volume = "129",
pages = "379--386",
journal = "Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering",
issn = "1389-1723",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
number = "3",
}