Recruiting men from across the socioeconomic spectrum via GP registers and community outreach to a weight management feasibility randomised controlled trial

Matthew D. McDonald*, Stephan U. Dombrowski, Rebecca Skinner, Eileen Calveley, Paula Carroll, Andrew Elders, Cindy M. Gray, Mark Grindle, Fiona M. Harris, Claire Jones, Pat Hoddinott

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

5 Citations (Scopus)
84 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Background
Men, particularly those living in disadvantaged areas, are less likely to participate in weight management programmes than women despite similar levels of excess weight. Little is known about how best to recruit men to weight management interventions. This paper describes patient and public involvement in pre-trial decisions relevant to recruitment and aims to report on recruitment to the subsequent men-only weight management feasibility trial, including the: i) acceptability and feasibility of recruitment; and ii) baseline sample characteristics by recruitment strategy.

Methods
Men with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and/or waist circumference ≥ 40 in. were recruited to the feasibility trial via two strategies; community outreach (venue information stands and word of mouth) and GP letters, targeting disadvantaged areas. Recruitment activities (e.g. letters sent, researcher venue hours) were recorded systematically, and baseline characteristics questionnaire data collated. Qualitative interviews (n = 50) were conducted three months post-recruitment. Analyses and reporting followed a complementary mixed methods approach.

Results
105 men were recruited within four months (community n = 60, GP letter n = 45). Community outreach took 2.3 recruiter hours per participant and GP letters had an opt-in rate of 10.2% (n = 90/879). More men were interested than could be accommodated. Most participants (60%) lived in more disadvantaged areas. Compared to community outreach, men recruited via GP letters were older (mean = 57 vs 48 years); more likely to report an obesity-related co-morbidity (87% vs 44%); and less educated (no formal qualifications, 32% vs 10%, degree educated 11% vs 41%). Recruitment strategies were acceptable, a sensitive approach and trusting relationships with recruiters valued, and the ‘catchy’ study name drew attention.

Conclusions
Targeted community outreach and GP letters were acceptable strategies that successfully recruited participants to a men-only weight management feasibility trial. Both strategies engaged men from disadvantaged areas, a typically underserved population. Using two recruitment strategies produced samples with different health risk profiles, which could add value to research where either primary or secondary prevention is of interest. Further work is required to examine how these strategies could be implemented and sustained in practice.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03040518, 2nd February 2017.
Original languageEnglish
Article number249
Number of pages15
JournalBMC Medical Research Methodology
Volume20
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 6 Oct 2020

Keywords

  • Community outreach
  • Obesity
  • Randomised feasibility trial
  • Weight management
  • Health inequalities
  • SMS
  • Financial incentives
  • Primary care
  • Recruitment

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Health Informatics
  • Epidemiology

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