TY - JOUR
T1 - Occupancy detection in non-residential buildings – a survey and novel privacy preserved occupancy monitoring solution
AU - Ahmad, J.
AU - Larijani, H.
AU - Emmanuel, R.
AU - Mannion, M.
AU - Javed, A.
N1 - Acceptance from VoR
OA article
Note: the article is now published by a different publisher, with a date in 2020. Recorded earliest and final pub dates. See publisher statement on VoR for further details.
OA compliance: originally compliant for REF OA (screenshot in SAN Exceptions). Article was first published OA with CC-BY-NC-ND; then CC-BY with new publisher. Uploaded new file version, removed original file, and applied exception - in hybrid journal and OA with licence that meets our Gold definition. ET 24/11/20
PY - 2020/9/11
Y1 - 2020/9/11
N2 - Buildings use approximately 40% of global energy and are responsible for almost a third of the worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. They also utilise about 60% of the world’s electricity. In the last decade, stringent building regulations have led to significant improvements in the quality of the thermal characteristics of many building envelopes. However, similar considerations have not been paid to the number and activities of occupants in a building, which play an increasingly important role in energy consumption, optimisation processes, and indoor air quality. More than 50% of the energy consumption could be saved in Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV) if accurate information about the number of occupants is readily available (Mysen et al., 2005). But due to privacy concerns, designing a precise occupancy sensing/counting system is a highly challenging task. While several studies count the number of occupants in rooms/zones for the optimisation of energy consumption, insufficient information is available on the comparison, analysis and pros and cons of these occupancy estimation techniques. This paper provides a review of occupancy measurement techniques and also discusses research trends and challenges. Additionally, a novel privacy preserved occupancy monitoring solution is also proposed in this paper. Security analyses of the proposed scheme reveal that the new occupancy monitoring system is privacy preserved compared to other traditional schemes.
AB - Buildings use approximately 40% of global energy and are responsible for almost a third of the worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. They also utilise about 60% of the world’s electricity. In the last decade, stringent building regulations have led to significant improvements in the quality of the thermal characteristics of many building envelopes. However, similar considerations have not been paid to the number and activities of occupants in a building, which play an increasingly important role in energy consumption, optimisation processes, and indoor air quality. More than 50% of the energy consumption could be saved in Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV) if accurate information about the number of occupants is readily available (Mysen et al., 2005). But due to privacy concerns, designing a precise occupancy sensing/counting system is a highly challenging task. While several studies count the number of occupants in rooms/zones for the optimisation of energy consumption, insufficient information is available on the comparison, analysis and pros and cons of these occupancy estimation techniques. This paper provides a review of occupancy measurement techniques and also discusses research trends and challenges. Additionally, a novel privacy preserved occupancy monitoring solution is also proposed in this paper. Security analyses of the proposed scheme reveal that the new occupancy monitoring system is privacy preserved compared to other traditional schemes.
KW - buildings, occupancy, energy optimization, HVAC
U2 - 10.1016/j.aci.2018.12.001
DO - 10.1016/j.aci.2018.12.001
M3 - Article
JO - Applied Computing and Informatics
JF - Applied Computing and Informatics
SN - 2210-8327
ER -