Abstract
The penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the electrical power system has increased significantly over the past years due to increasing global concern about climate change. However, integrating RESs into the power market is highly problematic. The output of RESs such as wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaics (PVs) is highly uncertain. Their correlation with load demand is not always guaranteed, which compromises system reliability. Distributed energy resources (DERs), especially demand response (DR) programs and energy storage systems (ESSs), are possible options to overcome these operational challenges under the virtual power plant (VPP) setting. This study investigates the impact of using a DR program and battery energy storage system (BESS) on the VPP’s internal electricity market, and also cost-minimization analysis from a utility viewpoint. Three different constrained optimal power flow (OPF) problems are solved such as base case, DR case, and BESS case to determine total incurred costs, locational marginal prices (LMPs), and generator commitments. A scenario tree approach is used to model the uncertainties associated with WTs, PVs, and load demand. The proposed model is investigated on a 14-bus distribution system. The simulation results obtained demonstrate a favorable impact of DR and a BESS on renewable operational challenges.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 5296 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | Energies |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue number | 14 |
| Early online date | 21 Jul 2022 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jul 2022 |
Keywords
- electricity markets
- demand side management
- renewable distributed generation
- electricity market
- modeling
- renewable energy sources
- uncertainty modeling
- energy storage
- optimization
- locational marginal prices
- demand response
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Control and Optimization
- Energy (miscellaneous)
- Engineering (miscellaneous)
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Building and Construction
- Fuel Technology
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Documents and Links
- Ullah, Z. et al (2022) Modeling, optimization, and analysis of a virtual power plant demand response mechanism for the internal electricity market considering the uncertainty of renewable energy sources
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