Modeling and simulation of dye-sensitized solar cell: model verification for different semiconductors and dyes

In this article, the use of MATLAB/SIMULINK interface to realize a generalized photovoltaic simulation model is introduced. The model was created utilizing the photovoltaic (PV) cell fundamental circuit equations, including the effects of solar radiation and variations in temperature. This modeling approach enables the I–V and P–V curve of PV cells to be understood. It could also be used as a tool to forecast the behavior of any solar PV cell under differing environmental circumstances (e.g., temperature, irradiation conditions). These effects are simultaneously added in real-time. Due to their nonlinear features, they must be modeled to design and simulate the maximum power point of solar cells. This model applies to dye-sensitized solar cells with three different semiconductors, namely, TiO₂, ZnO, and SnO₂; use N3 dye. According to changes in atmospheric parameter values such as solar radiation, temperature, and operating parameter values like semiconductor type, dye concentration, and particles, the characteristic dimensions of photovoltaic systems such as power supply voltage (PV) and current–voltage (I-V) characteristics are drawn; in the MATLAB/SIMULINK interface observed. The simulation results reveal that these elements and the respective photovoltaic model affect the maximum operating performance of PV modules. The battery made of TiO₂ semiconductor and N3 dye showed the greatest consistency with the model battery, followed by the battery made of ZnO, and finally, the battery made of SnO₂ with the same dye N3.