Interventions to increase condom use among middle-aged and older adults: asystematic review of theoretical bases, behaviour change techniques, modes of delivery, and treatment fidelity

This systematic review collates, examines, and syntheses condom use interventions for middle-aged and older adults. Associations between effectiveness and theoretical basis, behaviour change techniques [BCTs], mode of delivery, and treatment fidelity were explored. Five interventions were included; one was effective. Compared to interventions with non-significant findings, the effective telephone-administered intervention used theory to a greater extent, had a higher number of BCTs, and employed more treatment fidelity strategies. There is a need to develop theory-based interventions targeting condom use among this population and evaluate these in randomised controlled trials that are rigorously designed and reported. Health psychologists have a key role in this endeavour.